1 00:00:17,330 --> 00:00:21,019 the late 1960s when Apollo missions were 2 00:00:21,019 --> 00:00:21,029 the late 1960s when Apollo missions were 3 00:00:21,029 --> 00:00:22,759 the late 1960s when Apollo missions were bound for the moon that we were first 4 00:00:22,759 --> 00:00:22,769 bound for the moon that we were first 5 00:00:22,769 --> 00:00:25,070 bound for the moon that we were first able to see complete pictures of the 6 00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:25,080 able to see complete pictures of the 7 00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:27,859 able to see complete pictures of the earth environmentalists began to look at 8 00:00:27,859 --> 00:00:27,869 earth environmentalists began to look at 9 00:00:27,869 --> 00:00:30,800 earth environmentalists began to look at our planet as a single fragile ecosystem 10 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:30,810 our planet as a single fragile ecosystem 11 00:00:30,810 --> 00:00:33,889 our planet as a single fragile ecosystem now we are intensely studying the thin 12 00:00:33,889 --> 00:00:33,899 now we are intensely studying the thin 13 00:00:33,899 --> 00:00:36,380 now we are intensely studying the thin halo of atmosphere that surrounds and 14 00:00:36,380 --> 00:00:36,390 halo of atmosphere that surrounds and 15 00:00:36,390 --> 00:00:39,380 halo of atmosphere that surrounds and protects earth it recycles the air we 16 00:00:39,380 --> 00:00:39,390 protects earth it recycles the air we 17 00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:42,139 protects earth it recycles the air we breathe regulates climate and acts as a 18 00:00:42,139 --> 00:00:42,149 breathe regulates climate and acts as a 19 00:00:42,149 --> 00:00:44,510 breathe regulates climate and acts as a protective barrier filtering out much of 20 00:00:44,510 --> 00:00:44,520 protective barrier filtering out much of 21 00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:48,110 protective barrier filtering out much of the sun's harmful radiation last year an 22 00:00:48,110 --> 00:00:48,120 the sun's harmful radiation last year an 23 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:50,600 the sun's harmful radiation last year an international group of scientists proved 24 00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:50,610 international group of scientists proved 25 00:00:50,610 --> 00:00:52,790 international group of scientists proved that ozone the key element in this 26 00:00:52,790 --> 00:00:52,800 that ozone the key element in this 27 00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:55,960 that ozone the key element in this filtering process is being lost at 28 00:00:55,960 --> 00:00:55,970 filtering process is being lost at 29 00:00:55,970 --> 00:00:58,780 filtering process is being lost at farming rate over the South Pole in fact 30 00:00:58,780 --> 00:00:58,790 farming rate over the South Pole in fact 31 00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:01,150 farming rate over the South Pole in fact a sizable hole develops over this area 32 00:01:01,150 --> 00:01:01,160 a sizable hole develops over this area 33 00:01:01,160 --> 00:01:04,420 a sizable hole develops over this area each winter without ozo the sun's 34 00:01:04,420 --> 00:01:04,430 each winter without ozo the sun's 35 00:01:04,430 --> 00:01:07,590 each winter without ozo the sun's harmful radiation will destroy life 36 00:01:07,590 --> 00:01:07,600 harmful radiation will destroy life 37 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:10,789 harmful radiation will destroy life a group of man-made compounds called 38 00:01:10,789 --> 00:01:10,799 a group of man-made compounds called 39 00:01:10,799 --> 00:01:13,560 a group of man-made compounds called chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs used as 40 00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:13,570 chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs used as 41 00:01:13,570 --> 00:01:15,810 chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs used as refrigerants cleaning solvent sending 42 00:01:15,810 --> 00:01:15,820 refrigerants cleaning solvent sending 43 00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:18,510 refrigerants cleaning solvent sending some plastic forms are to blame for this 44 00:01:18,510 --> 00:01:18,520 some plastic forms are to blame for this 45 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:20,940 some plastic forms are to blame for this environmental problem they eventually 46 00:01:20,940 --> 00:01:20,950 environmental problem they eventually 47 00:01:20,950 --> 00:01:23,249 environmental problem they eventually make their way into the atmosphere and 48 00:01:23,249 --> 00:01:23,259 make their way into the atmosphere and 49 00:01:23,259 --> 00:01:26,670 make their way into the atmosphere and destroy ozone according to dr. Brian 50 00:01:26,670 --> 00:01:26,680 destroy ozone according to dr. Brian 51 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:29,730 destroy ozone according to dr. Brian tune of NASA's Ames Research Center it 52 00:01:29,730 --> 00:01:29,740 tune of NASA's Ames Research Center it 53 00:01:29,740 --> 00:01:32,930 tune of NASA's Ames Research Center it is a global scale environmental problem 54 00:01:32,930 --> 00:01:32,940 is a global scale environmental problem 55 00:01:32,940 --> 00:01:36,990 is a global scale environmental problem this really marks the first time I in 56 00:01:36,990 --> 00:01:37,000 this really marks the first time I in 57 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:39,410 this really marks the first time I in the history of environmental science 58 00:01:39,410 --> 00:01:39,420 the history of environmental science 59 00:01:39,420 --> 00:01:42,870 the history of environmental science where human beings and one side of the 60 00:01:42,870 --> 00:01:42,880 where human beings and one side of the 61 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:44,880 where human beings and one side of the planet have done something to the planet 62 00:01:44,880 --> 00:01:44,890 planet have done something to the planet 63 00:01:44,890 --> 00:01:48,029 planet have done something to the planet that is significantly affected globally 64 00:01:48,029 --> 00:01:48,039 that is significantly affected globally 65 00:01:48,039 --> 00:01:50,520 that is significantly affected globally and on the far side of the planet from 66 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:50,530 and on the far side of the planet from 67 00:01:50,530 --> 00:01:53,570 and on the far side of the planet from where the original pollution took place 68 00:01:53,570 --> 00:01:53,580 where the original pollution took place 69 00:01:53,580 --> 00:01:56,160 where the original pollution took place using the beautiful sea port town of 70 00:01:56,160 --> 00:01:56,170 using the beautiful sea port town of 71 00:01:56,170 --> 00:01:58,440 using the beautiful sea port town of stavanger norway as a base of operations 72 00:01:58,440 --> 00:01:58,450 stavanger norway as a base of operations 73 00:01:58,450 --> 00:02:01,499 stavanger norway as a base of operations an international team of scientists 74 00:02:01,499 --> 00:02:01,509 an international team of scientists 75 00:02:01,509 --> 00:02:03,389 an international team of scientists assembled this year in an emergency 76 00:02:03,389 --> 00:02:03,399 assembled this year in an emergency 77 00:02:03,399 --> 00:02:05,850 assembled this year in an emergency effort to make a detailed study of the 78 00:02:05,850 --> 00:02:05,860 effort to make a detailed study of the 79 00:02:05,860 --> 00:02:08,580 effort to make a detailed study of the North Pole most of the work was 80 00:02:08,580 --> 00:02:08,590 North Pole most of the work was 81 00:02:08,590 --> 00:02:10,889 North Pole most of the work was performed a blow to any NASA aircraft 82 00:02:10,889 --> 00:02:10,899 performed a blow to any NASA aircraft 83 00:02:10,899 --> 00:02:14,729 performed a blow to any NASA aircraft this is the nail art to not for the 84 00:02:14,729 --> 00:02:14,739 this is the nail art to not for the 85 00:02:14,739 --> 00:02:16,920 this is the nail art to not for the mission special wing pods are attached 86 00:02:16,920 --> 00:02:16,930 mission special wing pods are attached 87 00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:18,810 mission special wing pods are attached containing atmospheric chemistry 88 00:02:18,810 --> 00:02:18,820 containing atmospheric chemistry 89 00:02:18,820 --> 00:02:20,940 containing atmospheric chemistry analysis equipment and a host of other 90 00:02:20,940 --> 00:02:20,950 analysis equipment and a host of other 91 00:02:20,950 --> 00:02:25,349 analysis equipment and a host of other instruments typically flights are made 92 00:02:25,349 --> 00:02:25,359 instruments typically flights are made 93 00:02:25,359 --> 00:02:27,510 instruments typically flights are made about 12 miles 94 00:02:27,510 --> 00:02:27,520 about 12 miles 95 00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:30,480 about 12 miles the fringes of space like into the 96 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:30,490 the fringes of space like into the 97 00:02:30,490 --> 00:02:32,970 the fringes of space like into the layers of atmosphere directly affected 98 00:02:32,970 --> 00:02:32,980 layers of atmosphere directly affected 99 00:02:32,980 --> 00:02:37,500 layers of atmosphere directly affected by ozone mars the ER to is research 100 00:02:37,500 --> 00:02:37,510 by ozone mars the ER to is research 101 00:02:37,510 --> 00:02:41,460 by ozone mars the ER to is research partner is a modified ECA it flies at 102 00:02:41,460 --> 00:02:41,470 partner is a modified ECA it flies at 103 00:02:41,470 --> 00:02:43,890 partner is a modified ECA it flies at lower altitudes but has increased fuel 104 00:02:43,890 --> 00:02:43,900 lower altitudes but has increased fuel 105 00:02:43,900 --> 00:02:46,020 lower altitudes but has increased fuel reserves which allowed to cover more 106 00:02:46,020 --> 00:02:46,030 reserves which allowed to cover more 107 00:02:46,030 --> 00:02:48,960 reserves which allowed to cover more territory even flights directly over the 108 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:48,970 territory even flights directly over the 109 00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:53,190 territory even flights directly over the North Pole inside the dc-8 is actually a 110 00:02:53,190 --> 00:02:53,200 North Pole inside the dc-8 is actually a 111 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:56,250 North Pole inside the dc-8 is actually a complete scientific Observatory loaded 112 00:02:56,250 --> 00:02:56,260 complete scientific Observatory loaded 113 00:02:56,260 --> 00:02:58,950 complete scientific Observatory loaded with sensing instruments scientists 114 00:02:58,950 --> 00:02:58,960 with sensing instruments scientists 115 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:00,780 with sensing instruments scientists perform their experiments and are able 116 00:03:00,780 --> 00:03:00,790 perform their experiments and are able 117 00:03:00,790 --> 00:03:03,840 perform their experiments and are able to map results right on the spot this 118 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:03,850 to map results right on the spot this 119 00:03:03,850 --> 00:03:06,600 to map results right on the spot this instrument contains for lasers capable 120 00:03:06,600 --> 00:03:06,610 instrument contains for lasers capable 121 00:03:06,610 --> 00:03:08,940 instrument contains for lasers capable of shooting life many miles up into the 122 00:03:08,940 --> 00:03:08,950 of shooting life many miles up into the 123 00:03:08,950 --> 00:03:11,490 of shooting life many miles up into the atmosphere the light reflects back to 124 00:03:11,490 --> 00:03:11,500 atmosphere the light reflects back to 125 00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:13,950 atmosphere the light reflects back to the plane and provide scientists with a 126 00:03:13,950 --> 00:03:13,960 the plane and provide scientists with a 127 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:15,800 the plane and provide scientists with a cross-sectional map of ozone 128 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:15,810 cross-sectional map of ozone 129 00:03:15,810 --> 00:03:18,540 cross-sectional map of ozone concentrations as well as aerosols or 130 00:03:18,540 --> 00:03:18,550 concentrations as well as aerosols or 131 00:03:18,550 --> 00:03:21,420 concentrations as well as aerosols or regions where ozone depletion is capable 132 00:03:21,420 --> 00:03:21,430 regions where ozone depletion is capable 133 00:03:21,430 --> 00:03:25,080 regions where ozone depletion is capable of occurring initial results from both 134 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:25,090 of occurring initial results from both 135 00:03:25,090 --> 00:03:26,750 of occurring initial results from both aircraft indicate that high 136 00:03:26,750 --> 00:03:26,760 aircraft indicate that high 137 00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:29,370 aircraft indicate that high concentrations of CFCs have been found 138 00:03:29,370 --> 00:03:29,380 concentrations of CFCs have been found 139 00:03:29,380 --> 00:03:32,940 concentrations of CFCs have been found at northern latitudes primed for ozone 140 00:03:32,940 --> 00:03:32,950 at northern latitudes primed for ozone 141 00:03:32,950 --> 00:03:34,940 at northern latitudes primed for ozone destruction 142 00:03:34,940 --> 00:03:34,950 destruction 143 00:03:34,950 --> 00:03:37,430 destruction when combined with high altitude ice 144 00:03:37,430 --> 00:03:37,440 when combined with high altitude ice 145 00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:40,280 when combined with high altitude ice clouds the right amount of sunlight and 146 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:40,290 clouds the right amount of sunlight and 147 00:03:40,290 --> 00:03:43,729 clouds the right amount of sunlight and confined slow moving masses of air ozone 148 00:03:43,729 --> 00:03:43,739 confined slow moving masses of air ozone 149 00:03:43,739 --> 00:03:46,729 confined slow moving masses of air ozone destruction occurs as a result of this 150 00:03:46,729 --> 00:03:46,739 destruction occurs as a result of this 151 00:03:46,739 --> 00:03:49,520 destruction occurs as a result of this airborne mission scientists who are able 152 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:49,530 airborne mission scientists who are able 153 00:03:49,530 --> 00:03:52,070 airborne mission scientists who are able to confirm the process and product areas 154 00:03:52,070 --> 00:03:52,080 to confirm the process and product areas 155 00:03:52,080 --> 00:03:56,180 to confirm the process and product areas of depletion international policy makers 156 00:03:56,180 --> 00:03:56,190 of depletion international policy makers 157 00:03:56,190 --> 00:03:58,160 of depletion international policy makers have met in hopes of limiting the amount 158 00:03:58,160 --> 00:03:58,170 have met in hopes of limiting the amount 159 00:03:58,170 --> 00:04:01,370 have met in hopes of limiting the amount of CFC production and losing they agreed 160 00:04:01,370 --> 00:04:01,380 of CFC production and losing they agreed 161 00:04:01,380 --> 00:04:04,250 of CFC production and losing they agreed to phase out the truce by the year 2000 162 00:04:04,250 --> 00:04:04,260 to phase out the truce by the year 2000 163 00:04:04,260 --> 00:04:07,280 to phase out the truce by the year 2000 many scientists word that this may not 164 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:07,290 many scientists word that this may not 165 00:04:07,290 --> 00:04:11,930 many scientists word that this may not be soon enough again dr. P the ozone 166 00:04:11,930 --> 00:04:11,940 be soon enough again dr. P the ozone 167 00:04:11,940 --> 00:04:14,300 be soon enough again dr. P the ozone problem for example when you release 168 00:04:14,300 --> 00:04:14,310 problem for example when you release 169 00:04:14,310 --> 00:04:15,860 problem for example when you release clear fluorocarbons to the environment 170 00:04:15,860 --> 00:04:15,870 clear fluorocarbons to the environment 171 00:04:15,870 --> 00:04:19,219 clear fluorocarbons to the environment it's decades to centuries before those 172 00:04:19,219 --> 00:04:19,229 it's decades to centuries before those 173 00:04:19,229 --> 00:04:22,820 it's decades to centuries before those are removed researching safe economic 174 00:04:22,820 --> 00:04:22,830 are removed researching safe economic 175 00:04:22,830 --> 00:04:25,909 are removed researching safe economic replacements for CFCs is a vital part of 176 00:04:25,909 --> 00:04:25,919 replacements for CFCs is a vital part of 177 00:04:25,919 --> 00:04:28,330 replacements for CFCs is a vital part of solving this serious environmental issue 178 00:04:28,330 --> 00:04:28,340 solving this serious environmental issue 179 00:04:28,340 --> 00:04:31,040 solving this serious environmental issue thanks to the intensive work done in the 180 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:31,050 thanks to the intensive work done in the 181 00:04:31,050 --> 00:04:32,340 thanks to the intensive work done in the last few years 182 00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:32,350 last few years 183 00:04:32,350 --> 00:04:36,090 last few years we know why ozone depletion exists it is 184 00:04:36,090 --> 00:04:36,100 we know why ozone depletion exists it is 185 00:04:36,100 --> 00:04:38,450 we know why ozone depletion exists it is now up to the world community to take 186 00:04:38,450 --> 00:04:38,460 now up to the world community to take 187 00:04:38,460 --> 00:04:40,950 now up to the world community to take responsibility for the future of our 188 00:04:40,950 --> 00:04:40,960 responsibility for the future of our 189 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:43,770 responsibility for the future of our global environment